here, the pack is powering my laptop at 20V, 2.1A
here, the pack is powering my laptop at 20V, 2.1A
french poster selling radioactive cream, supposedly to make women prettier. Ooops...
let's not forget radium water you can make at home :)
I didn't get an atomic energy lab kit when I was a kid :)
atomic cannon, never had seen one before
the list of broken arrows, lost nuclear missiles, was 'interesting'
ICBMs have multiple nuclear warheads that get ejected on multiple targets
welcome to New Mexico, the state of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul :)
Is that a gun in your bag? Apparently the TSA finds many guns people forget in their carry ons...
the magpie, aka the michoko bird :)
the 2 M2 slots are on the right, and the 2nd drive goes under where the SSD is visible in this picture
size of M2 sticks compared to the SSD (with free shot of the 96Wh battery :) )
cryptsetup luksFormat --align-payload=8192 -s 256 -c aes-xts-plain64 /dev/deviceIn the tests below, I did used hdparm, iozone, and 2 kinds of dd, ddd with data, and dd0 copying just /dev/zero:
ddd test: sync; dd if=/mnt/ram/file of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=100M dd0 test: sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1MLet me start with the summary conclusions first, since this is what most people probably care about:
SATA/M2 dmcrypt SATA/M2 NVMe dmcrypt NVMe SATA6GB/dmcrypt hdparm -t 534MB/s 517MB/s 1307MB/s 2140MB/s 534MB/s ddd 10GB read 550MB/s 560MB/s 2000MB/s 2400MB/s 550MB/s ddd 10GB write 500MB/s 503MB/s 1300MB/s 1200MB/s 506MB/s dd with /dev/zero hits optimizations that actually penalize NVMe: dd0 10GB read 7GB/s 6.7GB/s 2.3GB/s 4.4GB/s 6.6GB/s dd0 10GB write 495MB/s 503MB/s 1.3GB/s 1.3GB/s 2.0GB/s iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 (cache makes Sata6G faster than M2, weird): ioz read 4KB 1760MB/s 1790MB/s 675MB/s 766MB/s 7863MB/s ioz write 4KB 268MB/s 298MB/s 295MB/s 291MB/s 777MB/s ioz ranread4KB 5535MB/s 7392MB/s 3185MB/s 7261MB/s 7892MB/s ioz ranwrite4KB 288MB/s 329MB/s 205MB/s 381MB/s 796MB/sFor comparison, I then used directio to bypass the caching layer:
iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 (direct IO): SATA/M2 dmcrypt SATA/M2 NVMe dmcrypt NVMe SATA6GB dmcrypt notcrypted btrfs btrfs ext4 btrfs btrfs ext4 btrfs ext4 ioz read 4KB 255MB/s 303MB/s 408MB/s 303MB/s 396MB/s 562MB/s 310MB/s 379MB/s ioz write 4KB 195MB/s 238MB/s 344MB/s 257MB/s 358MB/s 361MB/s 233MB/s 365MB/s ioz ranread4KB 305MB/s 351MB/s 482MB/s 476MB/s 699MB/s1434MB/s 309MB/s 475MB/s ioz ranwrite4KB 265MB/s 223MB/s 392MB/s 260MB/s 217MB/s 315MB/s 254MB/s 366MB/sDetails of each test, per type of drive;
=============================================================================== saruman M2 SATA 512GB encrypted btrfs saruman:/tmp# hdparm -t /dev/mapper/cryptroot Timing buffered disk reads: 1604 MB in 3.00 seconds = 534.03 MB/sec iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: random random kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 4096 4 257076 281089 1761711 6094733 6066754 290373 4096 512 277108 295167 1588844 8426437 11128258 318731 4096 4096 268940 308248 1760087 8062616 8377131 320802 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 38626 45227 102236 111141 30936 64317 4096 512 138467 128878 134674 137832 140067 126248 4096 4096 195439 273100 255379 307300 305605 265093 saruman:/mnt/mnt# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1M 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 21.1761 s, 495 MB/s 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 1.49373 s, 7.0 GB/s kernel 4.4.1 make -j8: real 17m54.712s user 126m26.620s sys 6m21.948s btrfs send/receive encrypted partition to non encrypted, 87GB: 10mn30 saruman M2 SATA non encrypted btrfs ----------------------------------- saruman:/mnt/mnt4# hdparm -t /dev/sdc4 /dev/sdc4: Timing buffered disk reads: 1554 MB in 3.00 seconds = 517.93 MB/sec iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: random random kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 4096 4 285020 297565 1739944 7434579 6605595 305785 4096 512 310937 336617 1298278 3703511 5483860 299416 4096 4096 298433 317101 1790911 7392988 7434579 337476 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 47219 93497 118900 126065 39160 86462 4096 512 214381 213388 194307 209215 206951 209289 4096 4096 238792 221839 303768 352951 351342 223618 ext4 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 119524 146035 150173 159105 53090 140697 4096 512 358954 354810 366466 423088 419760 375542 4096 4096 344087 398828 408259 478337 482569 392487 saruman:/mnt/mnt3# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1M 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 20.8537 s, 503 MB/s 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 1.55651 s, 6.7 GB/s kernel 4.4.1 make -j8: real 17m55.612s user 126m31.952s sys 6m27.452s ******************************************************************************** saruman M2 NVMe 512GB encrypted btrfs saruman:/tmp# hdparm -t /dev/mapper/cryptroot2 /dev/mapper/cryptroot2: Timing buffered disk reads: 3924 MB in 3.00 seconds = 1307.56 MB/sec iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: random random kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 4096 4 284205 341651 742181 6195843 6178018 341101 4096 512 314351 319573 864883 8865630 8902382 384993 4096 4096 295741 201042 675234 3281854 3185110 205974 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 80042 83160 122616 127129 41421 53963 4096 512 168713 153333 167710 209923 198123 168026 4096 4096 257968 258566 303023 490828 476440 260014 saruman:/mnt/mnt2# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1M 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 8.01494 s, 1.3 GB/s 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 4.63397 s, 2.3 GB/s kernel 4.4.1 make -j8: real 17m57.513s user 126m58.360s sys 6m25.164s btrfs send/receive encrypted partition to non encrypted, 87GB: 7mn (33% faster than Sata M2) saruman M2 NVMe non encrypted btrfs ----------------------------------- saruman:/mnt/mnt4# hdparm -t /dev/nvme0n1p4 /dev/nvme0n1p4: Timing buffered disk reads: 6422 MB in 3.00 seconds = 2140.38 MB/sec iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: random random kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 4096 4 274808 271851 684271 2634219 2280673 177630 4096 512 290191 336755 668196 3362795 4039655 184779 4096 4096 291427 340345 766588 7355007 7261741 381768 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 94814 117116 147645 159695 44075 108039 4096 512 271130 267800 239969 325933 301841 271062 4096 4096 358602 275933 396591 719099 699939 217665 ext4 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: 4096 4 107281 200735 205900 263035 54832 124219 4096 512 537478 374641 525060 1173664 1139338 558807 4096 4096 361545 526137 562632 1483477 1434069 315883 saruman:/mnt/mnt4# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1M 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 7.90653 s, 1.3 GB/s 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 2.35863 s, 4.4 GB/s kernel 4.4.1 make -j8: real 17m54.221s user 126m46.264s sys 6m10.592s ******************************************************************************** saruman Samsung Evo 850 2TB SSD encrypted btrfs hdparm -t Timing buffered disk reads: 1606 MB in 3.00 seconds = 534.87 MB/sec iozone -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2: random random kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 4096 4 513924 738957 8586475 9144037 8017464 697665 4096 512 772100 820362 9287391 10136778 10586522 840551 4096 4096 719099 777517 7863339 8047509 7892238 796108 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 4096 4 76626 47961 92886 80947 36063 63788 4096 512 135087 138998 143127 150981 144393 132219 4096 4096 233245 234058 310797 311552 309855 254080 ext4 iozone -I -e -a -s 4096 -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 (unencrypted) 4096 4 118013 141212 130575 111534 42343 138654 4096 512 336347 312192 332847 414404 424542 342707 4096 4096 365227 364638 379298 484160 475122 366536 saruman:/tmp# sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=100M count=100 conv=fdatasync; dd if=file of=/dev/null bs=1M 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 5.23919 s, 2.0 GB/s 10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 1.58287 s, 6.6 GB/s kernel 4.4.1 make -j8: real 16m4.305s user 104m0.816s sys 7m2.832s
group of RVs, taxing before takeoff
oops, this one didn't land so well...
Coop came to see us in line to let us know about delays
and by about 14:00, the wall got opened, which opened more nice runs
I hiked up the ridge from the top of cornice
finally the backside opened and I got 3 rides before they closed it for the day
leafy seadragon just awesome :)
the weedy seadragon are so pretty
The Melbourne Hardware Hacking team who worked on this
where we stayed, Deakin, University
Stephen, keeping a great WiFi network working like every year
nothing beats seeing tridge in person to work with him on my ardupilot crash plane into the ground bug :)